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All issuesVolume 335, Issue 3Events NewsCxO Security Events

The Promptware Kill Chain: From Prompt Injection to Multi-Step LLM Malware (Feb. 26th)

Thursday, February 26th, 2026: 2:00 PM to 3:00 PM

In this talk, we examine the evolution of prompt injection attacks and show how they have gradually developed into a five-stage kill chain consisting of (1) initial access, (2) privilege escalation, (3) persistence, (4) lateral movement, and (5) actions on objectives.

The Promptware Kill Chain: From Prompt Injection to Multi-Step LLM Malware (Feb. 26th)

We begin by introducing the concept of Promptware, followed by an overview of the kill chain.

We then analyze each stage in detail: the evolution of initial access (from direct to indirect prompt injection, including evasion techniques across multiple modalities); privilege escalation (from "ignore previous instructions" attacks to delayed tool invocation); persistence mechanisms (from volatile state to RAG-dependent and RAG-independent persistence); lateral movement (from none, to on-device, and ultimately off-device movement); and actions on objectives (from benign proof-of-concept messages such as "haha pwned" to full remote code execution).

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